Northeast Document Conservation Center
100 Brickstone Square
Andover, MA  01810-1494
Tel: (978) 470-1010
Fax: (978) 475-6021
http://www.nedcc.org
PRESERVATION
LEAFLET

PRIORITY ACTIONS FOR PRESERVATION

The following list, constructed for small- to mid-sized historical or non-circulating collections, outlines a range of necessary actions commonly identified by a preservation planning survey. The list is broad, but not exhaustive -- it is meant to increase your awareness of common preservation strategies. The list intentionally omits very large-scale solutions like "construct new building," or "install HVAC system," because there are many simpler and less expensive strategies that will make a major difference in the survival of collections. The grand scale solutions should be a court of last resort.

Activities listed under several different headings may be important for the same problem; some problems require a number of activities. Duplication between sections has been avoided so the list can be used as an action agenda. Activities are not prioritized. Once you have checked off necessary actions, it may be helpful to rank their priority to organize your long-range plan (e.g. 1 = high priority through 5 = low priority).
  1. Building maintenance

    ___ Get professional inspection
    • building ___
    • electric ___
    • roof ___
    • furnace or heating/cooling machinery ___
    • masonry ___
    • basement/drainage ___
    • plumbing ___
    • other___________

    ___ Assign formal responsibility for building maintenance and supervision

    ___ Set up an inspection schedule
    • building ___
    • electric ___
    • roof ___
    • plumbing ___
    • grounds ___
    • drains and gutters ___
    • furnace or heating/cooling machinery ___
    • other ______________

    ___ Set up a building maintenance schedule

    ___ Keep a building maintenance log

    ___ Repair windows

    ___ Repair roof

    ___ Replace roof

    ___ Paint

    ___ Repoint bricks

    ___ Repair masonry

    ___ Replace elements (e.g., steps, sills, drainpipes, etc.)

    ___ Repair elements (e.g., reattach downspouts, flashings, etc.)

    ___ Seal cracks or other openings

    ___ Clean gutters

    ___ Clear exterior drains

    ___ Other _________________

  2. Climate/Energy Efficiency

    ___ Seal windows (e.g., caulk around panes, add weather-stripping, etc.)

    ___ Weatherstrip doors

    ___ Add insulation

    ___ Lower winter thermostat setting

    ___ Seal and insulate windows in storage area

    ___ Monitor for temperature and RH changes

    ___ Purchase monitoring equipment
    • hygrothermograph___
    • hygrometer ___
    • thermometer ___
    • aspirating psychrometer ___
    • sling psychrometer ___
    • humidity cards ___
    • other___

    ___ Relocate collections out of damp basement
    • from hot attic ___
    • away from exterior walls___
    ___ Add humidifier

    ___ Add dehumidifier

    ___ Check location and function of vents
    • open louvers ___
    • relocate collections ___
    • unblock vents ___
    ___ Change filters

    ___ Set up a schedule for filter replacement

    ___ Install fans
    • ceiling___
    • floor ___
    • window___

    ___ Install storm windows

    ___ Other ____________________

  3. Light Control

    ___ Block windows permanently

    ___ Install
    • drapes ___
    • shades___
    • blinds ___

    ___ Assign responsibility for closing shades, etc. at closing and in periods of direct light

    ___ Sleeve fluorescent bulbs with UV filtering tubes

    ___ Add UV film or Plexiglas
    • to windows___
    • to exhibit cases ___
    • to framed objects____

    ___ Relocate exhibits or collections away from direct light

    ___ Measure and keep records of light levels

    ___ Rotate valuable objects from long-term exhibits

    ___ Install drapes on exhibit cases

    ___ Rotate exhibits that are light sensitive

    ___ Replace bulbs with lower wattage lamps

    ___ Remove bulbs from unnecessary fixtures

    ___ Redirect spotlights to provide indirect lighting for exhibits

    ___ Skylight
    • add UV protection ___
    • paint panes to reduce light___
    • black out panes ___

    ___ Turn off in-case lights (or remove bulbs)

    ___ Purchase blue wool fading standards

    ___ Set up a light exposure test with blue wool standards

  4. Pest Control

    ___ Trim shrubs or greenery to provide an 18" clearance from building (include ivy)

    ___ Remove potted plants from building interior

    ___ Buy tight-sealing trash container for food remains

    ___ Prohibit food in storage and research areas

    ___ Check kitchen and have staff check desks for food not stored in tightly sealed containers

    ___ Provide tight-sealed glass or plastic containers for kitchen and desks

    ___ Clean up, including vacuum, immediately after parties

    ___ Remove trash from building each night

    ___ Purchase insect test traps

    ___ Set up a pest monitoring program

    ___ Set up a pest inspection schedule

    ___ Assign responsibility for pest management

    ___ Lower the RH

    ___ Clean storage areas

    ___ Have problems evaluated by exterminator

    ___ Other ________________________

  5. Housekeeping

    ___ Assign responsibility for
    • routine cleaning ___
    • supervision of housekeeping___

    ___ Set up a cleaning schedule
    • public spaces ___
    • storage ___

    ___ Set up an inspection schedule (2x/yr.)

    ___ Purchase HEPA vacuum

    ___ Purchase dustcloths

    ___ Purchase a book cart or other mobile "holding" unit

    ___ Create/adopt a housekeeping manual

    ___ Train staff

    ___ Other _________________________

  6. Water Protection

    ___ Find source of leaks (list them)

    • __________________________,
    • __________________________,
    • __________________________

    ___ Relocate collections away from known leaks

    ___ Relocate collections from below/adjacent to sinks, restrooms, or other water source hazards

    ___ Move all collections items and boxes off of floor in (space name)

    • __________________________,
    • __________________________,
    • __________________________

    ___ Have a professional evaluate damp problem areas

    ___ Install water alarms

    ___ Other water protections _____________________

  7. Fire Protection

    ___ Ban or restrict smoking

    ___ Inspect fire detectors

    ___ Clean fire detectors (see manufacturer's instructions)

    ___ Test fire detectors

    ___ Set up a cleaning, testing, and inspection schedule for fire detectors

    ___ Obtain recommendations and quotation for installing automatic fire detection

    ___ Order NFPA guide to protecting collections from fire (NFPA 909, "Protection of Cultural Resources")

    ___ Conduct fire safety inspection

    __ Inspect fire extinguishers
    • purchase ___
    • recharge ___
    • replace ___

    ___ Mount fire extinguishers in accessible places

    ___ Ask fire department to provide an inspection

    ___ Ask fire department to instruct staff in fire safety

    ___ Remove or correct fire hazards

    ___ Design emergency evacuation plan

    ___ Schedule and conduct fire drills

    ___ Discuss collections and priorities with local fire marshal

    ___ Other fire protections ____________________

  8. Security

    ___ Assign responsibility for security

    ___ Install locks on storage areas

    ___ Restrict access to collections
    • storage areas ___
    • collections areas ___
    • specific objects ___

    ___ Upgrade exterior locks

    ___ Replace locks

    ___ Set up a key control system (limit and record keyholders)

    ___ Inventory collections

    ___ Install/improve window locks

    ___ Remove plants obscuring windows

    ___ Obtain recommendation and quotation for automatic intrusion detection

    ___ Set up testing schedule for security system

    ___ Install exterior lights

    ___ Replace bulbs in exterior lights

    ___ Ask police department for recommendations

    ___ Ask police to include your building in patrols

    ___ Design and implement security procedures
    • call slips ___
    • counting out materials for use ___
    • inspection of materials after use ___
    • personal belongings restricted from library ___

    ___ Educate staff about security concerns and need for supervising researchers

    ___ Make hours by appointment for researchers so staff can provide supervision

    ___ Rearrange tables to facilitate researcher supervision

    ___ Assign responsibility for security management

    ___ Seal bookdrop opening to building

    ___ Document ownership of valuable materials
    • photograph ___
    • photocopy distinguishing features ___
    • add ownership marks ___

    ___ Other security precautions _______________________

  9. General Risk Reduction (Emergency Preparedness)

    ___ Create a checklist for once-a-day walk-through of storage and exhibit areas

    ___ Create a checklist for closing

    ___ Assign responsibility for daily walk-through/closing

    ___ Create telephone notification tree

    ___ Write emergency preparedness plan

    ___ Assign responsibility for emergency response

    ___ Train staff to use emergency plan

    ___ Locate freezer for emergency storage of wet material

    ___ Store emergency supplies (sponges, etc.)

    ___ Post NEDCC phone number by phones at work and home

    ___ Assign responsibility for 2x/yearly review/update of emergency plan

    ___ Update existing emergency plan

    ___ Identify salvage priorities

    ___ Complete a hazards inventory

    ___ Set up a backup schedule for collections records

    ___ Back up catalog, computer disks, shelf-list, or other collections records

    ___ Provide for a copy of backup records to be kept off-site

    ___ Review insurance coverage with insurer

    ___ Other ______________________________

  10. General Storage

    ___ Relocate collections/objects

    ___ Replace plywood or particle board shelves

    ___ Add shelving
    • regular ___
    • oversized ___

    ___ Add map case(s)

    ___ Add/replace file cabinets

    ___ Add racks and hanging folders for file cabinets

    ___ Box collections to protect them from wood furniture

    ___ Line shelves to protect collections

    ___ Line drawers to protect collections

  11. Books

    ___ Replace rubber bands with fabric tape

    ___ Replace knifing bookends with non-knifing book supports

    ___ Add bookends

    ___ Measure for and order custom book boxes

    ___ Make polyester book jackets (for red rot)

    ___ Train staff and users in correct handling techniques

    ___ Straighten shelves

    ___ Turn spine-up volumes spine down

    ___ Make sure books are fully supported by shelves (add oversize shelves if needed)

    ___ Dust

    ___ Restrict photocopying

    ___ Label restricted books

    ___ Estimate costs, time for
    • microfilming ___
    • photocopying ___
    • brittle books___

    ___ Weed collection

    ___ Systematically remove inserts (dried flowers, bookmarks, etc.)

    ___ Stop oiling or other treatment of leather

    ___ Change to archival-quality labels (flags) ___, archival-quality bookplates ___

    ___ Relocate books of very high value to restricted use and storage

    ___ Inventory ___ or read shelf list

    ___ Arrange evaluation by a conservator

    ___ Other ___________________________

  12. Pamphlets

    ___ Make enclosures

    ___ Replace acidic enclosures and binders

    ___ Arrange for evaluation by a conservator

    ___ Other ____________________________

  13. Manuscripts and Documents

    ___ Inventory collection

    ___ Catalog collection

    ___ Create finding aids

    ___ Remove or replace fasteners

    ___ Estimate quantities and sizes of
    • folders ___
    • hanging folders ___
    • boxes ___ needed for rehousing

    ___ Rehouse in
    • folders ___
    • boxes ___

    ___ Remove or isolate newsclippings and other very poor paper

    ___ Estimate time and costs of
    • microfilming ___
    • photocopying ___

    ___ Arrange for evaluation by a conservator

    ___ Other _________________

  14. Oversized Objects

    ___ Provide map case or other oversized storage furniture

    ___ Make folders
    • Mylar ___
    • paper ___

    ___ Replace tubes for rolled storage
    • buy "archival" tubes ___
    • wrap tubes with neutral or buffered paper ___
    • roll objects on outside of tubes ___

    ___ Rearrange furniture to provide enough space for safe handling

    ___ Provide a large work surface

    ___ Arrange for evaluation by a conservator

    ___ Other ______________________________

  15. Framed Objects

    ___ Reframe using museum-quality mats

    ___ Unframe and store in
    • folders ___
    • mats___

    ___ Store in
    • boxes ___
    • flat file ___

    ___ Build framed storage bin

    ___ Replace hanging hardware (e.g. eye bolts with "D"-rings)

    ___ Rotate exhibits

    ___ Arrange for evaluation by a conservator

  16. ___ Other_________________________

  17. Newsprint/Newsclippings

    ___ Contact U.S. Newspaper Project for microfilm information

    ___ Estimate costs, time for
    • microfilm ___
    • photocopying ___
    • rehousing ___

    ___ Isolate clippings from good-quality paper using
    • interleaves ___
    • or folders ___
    • Mylar ___
    • paper ___

    ___ Photocopy

    ___ Microfilm

    ___ Other _______________________

  18. Scrapbooks/Albums

    ___ Restrict access by researchers

    ___ Photocopy

    ___ Microfilm

    ___ Box

    ___ Arrange for evaluation by a conservator

    ___ Other _________________________

  19. ___ Photographs

    ___ Inventory

    ___ Catalog

    ___ Create finding aids

    ___ Train staff in proper handling techniques

    ___ Purchase and use lint-free gloves

    ___ Separate photographs from document files

    ___ Estimate sizes and quantities of
    • enclosures ___
    • boxes ___

    ___ House or rehouse collections

    ___ Provide proper support for photos on brittle mounts

    ___ House prints and negatives separately

    ___ Isolate
    • nitrate ___
    • early safety film ___

    ___ House nitrate/early safety film negatives in individual buffered enclosures

    ___ Duplicate (list category or collections ______________________)

    ___ Photocopy original prints for researcher use

    ___ Set up a procedure for reproducing photographs for researcher use

    ___ Rotate exhibited photographs

    ___ Frame or reframe photographs using museum-quality mats

    ___ Unframe photographs and store in
    • boxes ___
    • flat files ___
    • hanging files ___

    ___ Sleeve and box glass plate negatives

    ___ Make enclosures for broken glass plate negatives

    ___ Investigate cold storage for color photos

    ___ Make enclosures for cased photographs

    ___ Arrange for evaluation by a conservator

    ___ Other __________________________

  20. Photocopying

    ___ Arrange for facsimile reproduction of books by photocopying and commercially binding (list what or which collections)

    ___ Train staff to photocopy books without damaging them

    ___ Purchase and use permanent durable paper
    (according to ANSI standard Z39.48-1992 R1997) for photocopying

    ___ Obtain electrostatic photocopier (xerographic process)

    ___ See additional photocopying activities (above) _________________

    ___ Other __________________________

  21. Microfilm
    (This assumes your institution uses or would use an outside vendor for microfilming.)

    ___ Obtain microfilm reader

    ___ Check national and local bibliographic records for existing microfilm of collections you think should be filmed

    ___ Arrange for microfilming (what or which collections ___________________)

    ___ Obtain and read published standards for microfilm

    ___ Review/revise microfilm contract

    ___ Establish and implement quality control/ inspection procedures

    ___ Record original microfilm made for your collections in the national bibliographic database

    ___ Set up a maintenance program for microfilm readers

    ___ Train researchers and staff to use microfilm readers

    ___ Have original microfilm being used by researchers duplicated on silver-based film

    ___ Store a master copy of each original, unique microfilm in secure, climate-controlled storage

    ___ Design and implement a repair (splicing) program for damaged microfilm according to published standards

    ___ See above for additional microfilm activities _______________________

    ___ Seek referral or advice from a preservation professional about preservation microfilm

    ___ Other ____________________

  22. Commercial Binding

    This section assumes that you are currently using commercial or "library" binding for some categories of your collection. If you are uncertain whether this is an appropriate tool for your preservation effort, please contact NEDCC's Field Service Office for discussion.

    ___ Obtain and read published standards and guide produced by the Library Binding Institute

    ___ Design and implement a quality-control inspection process for rebound volumes

    ___ Discuss binding options with your commercial binder

    ___ Create or adopt guidelines for binding choices for your collection

    ___ Review/revise commercial binding contract

    ___ Seek advice from a preservation professional about preservation binding choices

    ___ Other ___________________

  23. Repair Program

    This section assumes that your staff does not include a professional conservator or formally trained repair technician.

    ___ Assign responsibility for deciding what can be done in-house

    ___ Decide what procedures are feasible

    ___ Review goals and plans with a conservator

    ___ Assign responsibility for
    • repairs ___
    • supervision ___

    ___ Train assigned staff to carry out responsibilities

    ___ Obtain manuals and videos to provide backup for training

    ___ Identify an experienced technician or conservator for advice and assistance

    ___ Identify and obtain necessary equipment and supplies

    ___ Set up a space reserved for repairs

    ___ Create or adopt guidelines for identifying objects in need of repair

    ___ Create guidelines for matching repairs to damage

    ___ Document repair procedures and materials in use

    ___ Have a conservator or experienced technician review treated objects and make recommendations (provide quality control)

    ___ Coordinate other preservation strategies (microfilm, binding) with repair program

    ___ Build a humidity chamber

    ___ Flatten materials for storage

  24. Collections Policies

    ___ Write or refine mission statement

    ___ Design and implement policies
    • gift ___
    • access ___
    • cataloging ___
    • loan ___
    • security ___
    • collections use ___
    • exhibit ___
    • collections care ___

  25. Staff/User Education

    ___ Staff/volunteer education
    • consciousness raising ___
    • handling materials ___
    • security ___
    • emergency preparedness ___
    • other _______________

    ___ Board/administration/management education
    • consciousness raising ___
    • handling materials ___
    • security ___
    • emergency preparedness ___
    • other _____________

    ___ Community education
    • consciousness raising ___
    • handling materials ___
    • security ___
    • emergency preparedness ___
    • other _______________

    ___ Obtain educational materials

    ___ Distribute printed information

    ___ Organize an educational program

    ___ Design an exhibit

    ___ Meet with
    • staff/volunteers ___
    • management/board ___
    • community ___

  26. Fundraising

    ___ Identify a specific project for funding

    ___ Develop a budget

    ___ Learn about available funding sources

    ___ Obtain grant guidelines

    ___ Form a cooperative for fundraising

    ___ Organize a workshop on fundraising

    ___ Write a proposal for funding

    ___ Discuss funding needs with board or management



NEDCC DRAFT: KM 12/91; KEB 5/99